Computer Science vs. Information Technology: What’s the Difference?

If you’re thinking about a career in technology, it’s essential to understand the difference between computer science (CS) and information technology (IT). While they’re closely related, both fields offer distinct career paths and responsibilities that require specialized skill sets. Computer science is about building technology from the ground up, while information technology focuses on implementing that technology in the real world.

This guide explores the different skills, career paths and responsibilities of each field, as well as how programs like the University of West Alabama’s online Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering Technology prepare you for a fulfilling tech career. Whether you prefer to innovate new software or navigate complex technology challenges, understanding the differences can help you choose the path that best fits your goals.

What Is Computer Science?

Computer science is the study of computation, algorithms and theoretical foundations. It explores how computers work, how to solve problems with them and the ideas behind how they process information, covering everything from programming languages and software development to systems architecture.

Problem-solving and innovation are core to computer science. It’s about finding solutions to real-world challenges, creating new technologies and improving the systems we use every day. Computer scientists use their skills and expertise to design and develop tools that make a difference in industries such as healthcare, education and communication.

What Is Information Technology?

Information technology focuses on the application of management and systems to support a business or organization. It focuses on the management, storage, retrieval and transmission of data, as well as the systems used for these tasks. IT professionals have a wide range of responsibilities, including network administration, cybersecurity, database management and tech support, all of which contribute to the efficient and secure operations of technology-driven organizations.

IT professionals’ primary focus is to ensure technology works reliably and protects an organization’s sensitive data. They implement and maintain software systems, analyze large data sets and troubleshoot issues to keep networks running smoothly. Organizations rely on them to keep technology running efficiently and securely.

What Are the Key Differences Between CS and IT?

While computer science and IT both involve working with computers and their systems, they differ in their focus, skills and daily responsibilities. Computer science focuses on creating new technology, designing systems and creating software solutions. Information technology, instead, focuses on using and managing technology to maintain networks, databases and business operations.

Computer science professionals have an innovative mindset, tailoring their skills to build new tools, software and applications. They need strong coding, mathematics and problem-solving skills to design systems from the ground up. IT professionals focus on optimization, using network management, systems security and data management skills to support organizations in their daily operations.

Career Paths and Salary Expectations

Computer science and information technology careers are closely related, but involve different areas of technology. Computer science careers include designing and creating technology, with professionals commonly pursuing roles such as software developers, data scientists or systems architects. IT careers focus on systems management, with opportunities for positions such as network administrator, IT manager or cybersecurity specialist.

Careers in CS and IT both offer competitive salaries, high earning potential and growth opportunities. Total compensation depends on factors such as experience, location, educational background and specialization. Software developers earn a median annual wage of $133,080, while information security analysts earn a median salary of $124,910. With technology’s growing role in business and everyday life, the demand for skilled professionals in both fields is expected to continue rising over the next decade.

Which Path Is Right for You?

When deciding between a career in computer science or information technology, consider your interests, professional preferences and long-term goals. Ask yourself the following:

• Are you more interested in designing and building software, or in managing and implementing it in business operations?
• Do you prefer mathematics and complex problem-solving, or hands-on troubleshooting and real-world applications?
• Which field better aligns with your long-term career aspirations?
• Do you like working independently, or would you rather work with people to solve their tech problems?

Exploring programs can help you decide which path better matches your skills and interests. Look at the courses offered, research the faculty and explore alumni career paths to see which align with your long-term goals. For example, the University of West Alabama’s Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering Technology provides hands-on IT skills while exploring areas such as cybersecurity, network administration and risk management, preparing graduates for advanced technology roles across industries.

Take the Next Step in Your Tech Career

Both computer science and information technology offer rewarding career paths with long-term growth opportunities and competitive compensation. CS professionals design and build software programs that solve complex business challenges, while IT experts keep organizations running smoothly by managing networks, systems and security. Your skills, interests and career aspirations can guide your decision-making and help you choose the path that is right for your future.

UWA’s online Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering Technology provides you with a thorough understanding of computer theory, while equipping you with hands-on skills in cybersecurity, networking and systems management. Contact the admissions office or request more information to learn more and take the next step towards your future in technology.

Learn more about the University of West Alabama’s online BS in Computer Engineering Technology program.